Trauma
Wonke umuntu unokuhlangenwe nakho okucasulayo noma okulimazayo. Nokho, kunezikhathi lapho lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kungaphezu nje kokucasula futhi okungenzeka kube yingozi. Kunomehluko phakathi kwezehlakalo ezicindezela isikhashana nalezo ezihlukumezayo. Ukuhlukumezeka yinoma yisiphi isigameko umuntu asibona siyingozi noma sisongela futhi sinomthelela ohlala isikhathi eside enhlalakahleni yalowo muntu. Ngokusho kweNational Center for PTSD cishe i-60% yamadoda kanye ne-50% yabesifazane bahlangabezana nesenzakalo esibuhlungu ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo 1 .
Mayelana
60 % amadoda
50 % abesifazane
bahlangabezana nesenzakalo esibuhlungu esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwabo 1 .
Abantu babhekana nokuhlukumezeka ngemithombo eminingi kubandakanya, kepha kungagcini lapho, ukuhlukunyezwa, impi, ubugebengu, inhlekelele yemvelo, nokubandlululwa. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuvame ukudala ukusabela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo okungahlala iminyaka ngemuva komcimbi. Imiphumela yokuhlukumezeka ingathinta ubudlelwano bomuntu, umsebenzi, impilo, kanye nombono jikelele ngempilo.
Abantu bahlangabezana nemicimbi ngokuhlukile. Okungahlukumeza umuntu oyedwa kungahle kungabi komunye umuntu.
Ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nesigameko esibuhlungu, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi usabele ekuphenduleni kokwesaba okubangelwa uhlelo lobuchopho “lokundiza, lokulwa noma lokuqandisa”. Abantu bangazithola begxumagxuma kakhulu kunakuqala, noma bangazithola begwema izindawo ezithile noma abantu okungabakhumbuza ukuhlukumezeka. Abantu abahlangabezane nokuhlukumezeka futhi bangakuthola kunzima ukulala noma ukugxila emisebenzini. Kwabaningi, izimpendulo zokwesaba nezimpawu ziyaqedwa ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane. Abantu abaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi bathinta ukusebenza kwabo kwansuku zonke empilweni bangatholakala ukuthi bane-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
I-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
I-PTSD yisifo esingaba khona kwabanye abantu ngemva kokubhekana nokuhlukumezeka. NgokweNational Center for PTSD cishe u-7-8% wabantu bazotholakala bene-PTSD empilweni yabo, ephansi kakhulu kunenani labantu ababhekana nokuhlukumezeka 1 . Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi yini eyenza abanye abantu bahlakulele i-PTSD kuyilapho abanye bengayazi. Ezinye izici ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-PTSD zihlanganisa:
Imvamisa, izimpawu zivela ezinyangeni ezintathu zomcimbi ohlukumezayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu zingase zingabonakali izinyanga noma iminyaka. Kunezigaba ezine zezimpawu (ezichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi) ezivame kakhulu kulabo abathola ukuxilongwa kwe-PTSD: ukuphinda babhekane nakho, ukugwema, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, nokushintsha kwemizwelo nemicabango.
Akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nalokhu ngokufanayo, kepha ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni kwe-PTSD, bonke abane kumele babe nolwazi isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Ngokuvamile, lapho umuntu ecabanga ngokuhlukumezeka noma i-PTSD, imicabango iya ekulweni okusekelwe ezempi. Ngaphezu kwe-14% yamasosha abambe iqhaza ekulweni e-Iraq kanye nangaphezulu kuka-9% walabo abathunyelwe e-Afghanistan babike izimpawu ze-PTSD. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinsizakalo ezithile ezinikezwa omakadebona, vakashela ikhasi lethu lomakadebona .
I-PTSD ivamise ukuhambisana nokudangala , ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa , noma ukukhathazeka. Ngenhlanhla, ngisho noma ukuhlukumezeka kunemiphumela ehlala njalo, noma i-PTSD ithuthukiswa, kunezindlela abantu abangalawula ngazo imiphumela yokuhlukumezeka ukuze babe nezimpilo ezigculisayo nezinenjongo. Lezi zindlela zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezifana nalezi: izinhlobo ezithile zokwelashwa kwengqondo okugxilwe ekuhlukumezekeni , imithi , nokusekelwa kweqembu.
Izimpawu Nezimpawu Ezivamile ze-PTSD
Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwe-PTSD, umuntu kufanele abone lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo okungenani inyanga.
- Ukuzwa kabusha lesi sehlakalo esibuhlungu kube sengathi kuyenzeka futhi kulo mzuzu wamanje, obizwa nge- “flashback.” Amaphupho amabi acacile nawo angukuhlangenwe nakho kabusha kokuhlukumezeka.
- Ukugwema – njengokuhlala kude nanoma iyiphi indawo noma umcimbi okhumbuza umuntu ngokuhlukumezeka.
- I-Hyperarousal – njengokuthola ubunzima bokulala noma ukugxuma noma ukwethuka kalula.
- Izinkinga zokucabanga nezemizwa – njengobunzima bememori noma ukulahleka kwesithakazelo emisebenzini.
Izingane ezincane zingathola izimpawu ngokuhlukile kunabantu abadala. Ezinye zezindlela ezingabonakaliswa yilezi:
- Amaphupho amabi esikhundleni sokuvuka emuva
- Ukumanzi umbhede lapho ingane isivele yaqeqeshwa endlini yangasese
- Ukulingisa umcimbi ohlukumezayo ngenkathi udlala noma uwudweba lapho ufaka umbala
- Ukunamathela ngokungajwayelekile kwabanakekeli
Labo abaphila ne-PTSD noma abaye babhekana nokuhlukumezeka kungadingeka futhi balandele izimpawu:
- Izinkinga ngokulala
- Intukuthelo
- Ukunqanyulwa noma ukuhoxa
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Ukubuyela emuva
- Imizwa engapheli yokungaphephile
- Imicabango yokuzibulala
Ukunakekelwa okwaziswa abahlukumezekile
Ukunakekelwa Okunolwazi Ngokuhlukumezeka kuwuhlaka olugxile kumuntu lokuqonda, ukuqaphela nokusabela emiphumeleni yazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukumezeka. Igxile ekuphepheni ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo kanye nokuphulukiswa kwawo wonke umuntu. Umkhuba wokunakekelwa onolwazi ngokuhlukumezeka umelana nokuhlukumezeka kabusha, futhi usiza abantu ukuthi bakhe kabusha umuzwa wokulawula nokunika amandla. Le ndlela isekelwe ekuthobekeni kwamasiko nasekulinganeni. Ukusebenzisa ilensi enolwazi ngokuhlukumezeka kuthuthukisa ukwesekwa okunengqondo, ukuzwelana nozwelo.
Ukuze usekele ushintsho olunolwazi ngokuhlukumezeka ungakwazi:
Ngemininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ne-PTSD nokuhlukumezeka, izinto ezinobungozi, kanye nemininingwane ejulile ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo ngokuvakashelwa kwe-PTSD:
Uma uhlangabezana nobunzima bokuthola ukunakekelwa noma uma unezinkinga ngohlelo lwakho lwezempilo, i- Umnyango Womshuwalense waseTexas kanye ne- IHhovisi LeKhomishini Yezempilo Nemisebenzi Yabantu yaseTexas lika-Ombudsman kungenzeka ukwazi ukusiza. Bangakusiza nokuthi ufunde kabanzi ngamalungelo akho.
Imithombo
- US Department of Veterans Affairs – Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-PTSD
https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/common/common_adults.asp
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-Trauma ne-PTSD nezinye izimo zezempilo zokuziphatha ku-eLearning Hub yethu. Izifundo ezisheshayo, ezifundisayo zenzelwe ukukuhlomisa ngolwazi, izinsiza kusebenza, nethemba ngekusasa – lakho noma lomunye umuntu omkhathalelayo.